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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" data-content_root="../">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>Example 1.3 — MapServer 8.6.2 documentation</title>
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<h3>Navigation</h3>
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<a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
accesskey="I">index</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="../index.html">Home</a> »</li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Example 1.3</a></li>
</ul>
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<section id="example-1-3">
<span id="example1-3"></span><h1>Example 1.3<a class="headerlink" href="#example-1-3" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<section id="displaying-classes-in-a-layer">
<h2>Displaying Classes in a Layer<a class="headerlink" href="#displaying-classes-in-a-layer" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>By using non-spatial attribute information in the data, we can create
a map like this:</p>
<img alt="https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/mapserv?map=/mapserver/apps/tutorial/htdocs/example1-3.map&layer=states_poly&layer=states_line&mode=map" src="https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/mapserv?map=/mapserver/apps/tutorial/htdocs/example1-3.map&layer=states_poly&layer=states_line&mode=map" />
<section id="mapfile-structure">
<h3>MapFile Structure<a class="headerlink" href="#mapfile-structure" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>This is what the mapfile looks like: <a class="reference internal" href="example1-3-map.html#example1-3-map"><span class="std std-ref">Example1-3.map</span></a>.</p>
<p>The mapfile structure, by objects, looks like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="n">MAP</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">states_poly</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">LAYER</span><span class="o">----------|---------</span><span class="n">LAYER</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">states_line</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">land</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">CLASS</span><span class="o">---|---</span><span class="n">CLASS</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">water</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">|-</span><span class="n">CLASS</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="n">STYLE</span><span class="o">-|</span> <span class="o">|-</span><span class="n">STYLE</span> <span class="o">|-</span><span class="n">STYLE</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<section id="keywords">
<h4>Keywords<a class="headerlink" href="#keywords" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h4>
<p>Our mapfile still only has two layers but the polygon layer has been
broken down into two classes. Let’s have a look at the additional
parameters:</p>
<dl>
<dt><strong>CLASSITEM</strong></dt><dd><p>This keyword is used to specify what attribute to use in separating
the class objects. In this example that attribute is “CLASS”. If
you open the database file associated with this layer’s shapefile,
you’ll see that there’s a column (attribute) called “CLASS”.</p>
<p>How do we know which attribute to use? It is recommended to use
<a class="reference external" href="https://gdal.org/programs/ogrinfo.html">ogrinfo</a> to display basic
attribute info in your vector data–look
back at example 1.1 (the last few lines after “Layer SRS WKT:” show
the attribute names and types). In this case, since database records in
shapefiles are stored in DBF files, we can also open it in a
spreadsheet program such as LibreOffice, or in desktop
software such as QGIS. If your data came
with a metadata (and it should!), you can skim through through that
metadata file for attribute information.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>EXPRESSION</strong></dt><dd><p>For each class, we specify what attribute value to use. This is
the simplest form of EXPRESSION. EXPRESSIONs can be even more
complex than this, allowing one to evaluate regular or logical
expressions. Please look at <a class="reference internal" href="../mapfile/expressions.html#expressions"><span class="std std-ref">Expressions</span></a> in the mapfile
reference to see what you can do with EXPRESSION.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p><a class="reference internal" href="example1-2.html#example1-2"><span class="std std-ref">Back to Example 1.2</span></a> | <a class="reference internal" href="example1-4.html#example1-4"><span class="std std-ref">Proceed to Example 1.4</span></a></p>
</section>
</section>
</section>
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<p>
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</p>
<h3>Current Table Of Contents</h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Example 1.3</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#displaying-classes-in-a-layer">Displaying Classes in a Layer</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#mapfile-structure">MapFile Structure</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#keywords">Keywords</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
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<a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
>index</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="../index.html">Home</a> »</li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Example 1.3</a></li>
</ul>
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© <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2026, Open Source Geospatial Foundation.
Last updated on 2026-04-20.
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