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<div class="identifier-type">function template</div><div class="header"><format></div><h1 itemprop="name"><span class="namespace" title="namespace std">std::</span><span class="token">format_to</span><span class="cpp cpp20" title="C++20で追加">(C++20)</span></h1>
<div itemprop="articleBody"><p><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">namespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">std</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Out</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="basic_format_string.html">format_string</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (1) C++20</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Out</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="basic_format_string.html">format_string</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (1) C++26</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Out</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="basic_format_string.html">wformat_string</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (2) C++20</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Out</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="basic_format_string.html">wformat_string</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (2) C++26</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Out</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../locale/locale.html">locale</a></span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loc</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="basic_format_string.html">format_string</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (3) C++20</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Out</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../locale/locale.html">locale</a></span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loc</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="basic_format_string.html">wformat_string</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (4) C++20</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</p>
<h2>概要</h2>
<p>書式文字列<code>fmt</code>に従ったフォーマットで<code>args...</code>の文字列表現を出力イテレータ<code>out</code>に出力する。</p>
<ul>
<li>(1): マルチバイト文字列版</li>
<li>(2): ワイド文字列版</li>
<li>(3): マルチバイト文字列版 (ロケール指定あり)</li>
<li>(4): ワイド文字列版 (ロケール指定あり)</li>
</ul>
<p><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buffer</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">format_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">back_inserter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buffer</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"The answer is {}."</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">);</span>
</code></pre></div>
</p>
<p>書式文字列は定数式でなければならず、コンパイル時にチェックされる。実行時に決まるフォーマット文字列を使用したい場合、<code><a href="vformat_to.html">vformat_to</a></code>を使用できる。</p>
<h2><a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="関数等の意味論を構成する要素の1つ。Mandates。満たさなければプログラムが不適格となる要件。この要件は、オーバーロード解決によって選択された関数内での`static_assert`の定数条件式や、関数に対するdelete宣言などで表現できる">適格要件</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>書式文字列は定数式であり、<code><a href="../string_view/basic_string_view.html">string_view</a></code>(ワイド文字列版は<code><a href="../string_view/basic_string_view.html">wstring_view</a></code>)に暗黙変換できること。</li>
<li>書式文字列にエラーがないこと。例えば、<ul>
<li>閉じていないカッコなどの構文エラーがないこと。</li>
<li>実際に渡している引数の型が書式文字列中の置換フィールドが要求する型に合うこと。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2><a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="関数等の意味論を構成する要素の1つ。Constraints。関数であればオーバーロード解決に参加するための条件、それ以外であれば受け付ける型の条件">テンプレートパラメータ制約</a></h2>
<p><code>Out</code>は以下の制約を満たす。</p>
<ul>
<li>(1), (3): <code><a href="../iterator/output_iterator.html">output_iterator</a><Out, const char&></code></li>
<li>(2), (4): <code><a href="../iterator/output_iterator.html">output_iterator</a><Out, const wchar_t&></code></li>
</ul>
<h2><a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="関数等の意味論を構成する要素の1つ。Preconditions。関数呼び出し時に満たされていると関数が想定する条件。満たさなければ未定義の動作。契約属性の`[[expects]]`に相当">事前条件</a></h2>
<p><code>Out</code>は以下のコンセプトのモデルである。</p>
<ul>
<li>(1), (3): <code><a href="../iterator/output_iterator.html">output_iterator</a><Out, const char&></code></li>
<li>(2), (4): <code><a href="../iterator/output_iterator.html">output_iterator</a><Out, const wchar_t&></code></li>
</ul>
<h2>効果</h2>
<p>以下のコードと等しい。</p>
<p><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1">// (1), (2)</span>
<span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="vformat_to.html">vformat_to</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">str</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="make_format_args.html">make_format_args</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">...));</span>
<span class="c1">// (3), (4)</span>
<span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="vformat_to.html">vformat_to</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">str</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">make_wformat_args</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">...));</span>
</code></pre></div>
</p>
<h2><a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="関数呼び出し式の評価結果となるオブジェクト・値">戻り値</a></h2>
<p><code>out + N</code> (ただし、<code>N</code>=<code>formatted_size(fmt, args...)</code> または <code>formatted_size(loc, fmt, args...)</code>)</p>
<h2><a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="問題が発生したときに、現在実行位置を過去に通過・記録した位置に戻し、文脈情報を添えて紐づけられた処理(例外ハンドラー)を呼び出す仕組み。またはその事態">例外</a></h2>
<p>フォーマット実行時に失敗した場合、<code><a href="format_error.html">format_error</a></code>を投げる。</p>
<h2>備考</h2>
<p>マルチバイト文字列、ワイド文字列の区別は、可変長引数部分で受け取れる文字列の型にも適用される。</p>
<h2>例</h2>
<p><div class="yata" id="c1df0d061850fa15065d07f6ff66858880306987"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="cp">#include <a href="../iostream.html"><iostream></a></span>
<span class="cp">#include <a href="../string.html"><string></a></span>
<span class="cp">#include <a href="../format.html"><format></a></span>
<span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../string/basic_string.html">std::string</a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buffer</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">format_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n"><a href="../iterator/back_inserter.html">std::back_inserter</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buffer</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"The answer is {}."</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../iostream/cout.html">std::cout</a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buffer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../ostream/endl.html">std::endl</a></span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div></p>
<h3>出力</h3>
<p><pre><code>The answer is 42.
</code></pre></p>
<h2>実装例</h2>
<p><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="basic_format_string.html">format_string</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="vformat_to.html">vformat_to</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n"><i>str</i></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n"><a href="make_format_args.html">make_format_args</a></span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">...)});</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="n">wstring</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="basic_format_string.html">wformat_string</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">context</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="basic_format_context.html">basic_format_context</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">decltype</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">value_type</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="vformat_to.html">vformat_to</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n"><i>str</i></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n"><a href="make_format_args.html">make_format_args</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">context</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">...)});</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../locale/locale.html">locale</a></span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="basic_format_string.html">format_string</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">context</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="basic_format_context.html">basic_format_context</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">decltype</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">value_type</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="vformat_to.html">vformat_to</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n"><i>str</i></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n"><a href="make_format_args.html">make_format_args</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">context</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">...)});</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="n">wstring</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../locale/locale.html">locale</a></span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="basic_format_string.html">wformat_string</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">context</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="basic_format_context.html">basic_format_context</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">decltype</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">value_type</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="vformat_to.html">vformat_to</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n"><i>str</i></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n"><a href="make_format_args.html">make_format_args</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">context</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">...)});</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</p>
<h2>バージョン</h2>
<h3>言語</h3>
<ul>
<li>C++20</li>
</ul>
<h3>処理系</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="../../implementation.html#clang">Clang</a>: ??</li>
<li><a href="../../implementation.html#gcc">GCC</a>: ??</li>
<li><a href="../../implementation.html#icc">ICC</a>: ??</li>
<li><a href="../../implementation.html#visual_cpp">Visual C++</a>: ??</li>
</ul>
<h2>参照</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://timsong-cpp.github.io/cppwp/format" target="_blank">Working Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++ [format]</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2019/p0645r10.html" target="_blank">P0645R10 Text Formatting</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2021/p2216r3.html" target="_blank">P2216R3 std::format improvements</a></li>
<li><a href="https://onihusube.hatenablog.com/entry/2021/07/01/195912" target="_blank">［C++］ std::formatあるいは{fmt}のコンパイル時フォーマット文字列チェックの魔術 - 地面を見下ろす少年の足蹴にされる私</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2021/p2418r2.html" target="_blank">P2418R2 Add support for <code>std::generator</code>-like types to <code>std::format</code></a></li>
<li><a href="https://open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2025/p3391r2.html" target="_blank">P3391R2 <code>constexpr std::format</code></a><ul>
<li>C++26から非ロケール版が<code>constexpr</code>に対応した</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
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