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最終更新日時(UTC):
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2024年06月11日 13時45分38秒
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<div class="identifier-type">function template</div><div class="header"><functional></div><h1 itemprop="name"><span class="namespace" title="namespace std">std::</span><span class="token">bind</span><span class="cpp cpp11" title="C++11で追加">(C++11)</span></h1>
<div itemprop="articleBody"><p><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">namespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">std</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">F</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BoundArgs</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><i>unspecified</i></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BoundArgs</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bound_args</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (1) C++11</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">F</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BoundArgs</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><i>unspecified</i></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BoundArgs</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bound_args</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (1) C++20</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">R</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">F</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BoundArgs</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><i>unspecified</i></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BoundArgs</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bound_args</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (2) C++11</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">R</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">F</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BoundArgs</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><i>unspecified</i></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BoundArgs</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bound_args</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (2) C++20</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</p>
<h2>概要</h2>
<p><a href="../concepts/Callable.html"><em>Callable</em></a> オブジェクトに対し、引数を部分的に束縛(bind)する。</p>
<h2>引数</h2>
<ul>
<li><code>f</code> -- 束縛先となる <a href="../concepts/Callable.html"><em>Callable</em></a> オブジェクト</li>
<li><code>bound_args</code> -- 束縛対象の値やプレースホルダ(<code>_1</code>, <code>_2</code>, ...)、別の <code>bind()</code> 呼び出し</li>
</ul>
<h2><a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="関数呼び出し式の評価結果となるオブジェクト・値">戻り値</a></h2>
<p>引数を部分束縛された <a href="../concepts/Callable.html"><em>Callable</em></a> オブジェクト。このオブジェクトは、次のような関数オブジェクトとして扱うことができる：</p>
<p><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc"><i>bound_function_type </i></span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><i>unspecified</i></span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UnBoundArgs</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><i>unspecified</i></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">()(</span><span class="n">UnBoundArgs</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unbound_args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
</code></pre></div>
</p>
<p>型名 <code>result_type</code> は、<code>bind()</code> 呼び出し時のテンプレートパラメータ <code>R</code> そのもの(明示的に指定した場合)か、<code>F</code> の<a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="関数呼び出し式の評価結果となるオブジェクト・値">戻り値</a>型(<code>F</code> が関数へのポインタまたはメンバ関数へのポインタである場合)か、<code>F::result_type</code> (<code>F</code> が型名 <code>result_type</code> の定義を持つ場合)である。いずれの条件も満たさない場合、<code>result_type</code> は定義されない。</p>
<p><i><code>bound_function_type</code></i><code>::operator ()()</code>を呼び出すと、<code>bound_args</code> と <code>unbound_args</code> が次のように使われ、最終的に <code>f</code> の呼出しに到達する。(説明用に、 <code>BoundArgs</code> のそれぞれの <code>decay</code> された型を <code>TiD</code> 、値を <code>ti</code> 、<code>UnBoundArgs</code> のそれぞれの値を <code>uj</code> とおく)。</p>
<ol>
<li>型<code>Ti</code> が <code>std::<a href="reference_wrapper.html">reference_wrapper</a><X></code> である場合、<code>ti.<a href="reference_wrapper/get.html">get()</a></code> が <code>ti</code> の代わりに使用される。</li>
<li><code>std::<a href="is_bind_expression.html">is_bind_expression</a><TiD>::value</code>が <code>true</code> に評価される場合、<code>ti(unbound_args...)</code> の結果が <code>ti</code> の代わりに使用される(これは、ネストされた <code>bind()</code> が一度の呼び出しで再帰的に全て評価されることを示す)。</li>
<li><code>std::<a href="is_placeholder.html">is_placeholder</a><TiD>::value</code>が非ゼロに評価される場合、<code>uj</code> (ただし <code>j = std::<a href="is_placeholder.html">is_placeholder</a><Ti>::value+1</code>) が <code>ti</code> の代わりに使用される。</li>
<li>その他の場合、<code>ti</code> がそのまま使用される。
上記の置換を行った後、 <code>f(ti...)</code> を呼び出した結果が <i><code>bound_function_type</code></i><code>::operator ()()</code> の呼出し結果として返される。</li>
</ol>
<p>注意： <code>bound_args</code> は明示的に <code><a href="ref.html">std::ref()</a></code> または <code><a href="cref.html">std::cref()</a></code> で包まない限り、内部でコピーして保持される。他方、<code>unbound_args</code> は通常の <a href="../utility/forward.html">perfect forwarding</a> が行われるため、<code>move</code> で渡したあるいは一時オブジェクトを直接渡した <code>unbound_args</code> を複数回プレースホルダ経由で使用すると予期しない結果になることがある。</p>
<h2><a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="問題が発生したときに、現在実行位置を過去に通過・記録した位置に戻し、文脈情報を添えて紐づけられた処理(例外ハンドラー)を呼び出す仕組み。またはその事態">例外</a></h2>
<p><a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="関数呼び出し式の評価結果となるオブジェクト・値">戻り値</a>のオブジェクト内に束縛する、関数オブジェクト<code>f</code>およびその引数<code>boud_args</code>の初期化時に<a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="問題が発生したときに、現在実行位置を過去に通過・記録した位置に戻し、文脈情報を添えて紐づけられた処理(例外ハンドラー)を呼び出す仕組み。またはその事態">例外</a>を投げる可能性がある。</p>
<h2>例</h2>
<p><div class="yata" id="eaea42f5f5d001ef4c1f19b451d78c453fc64232"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="cp">#include <a href="../iostream.html"><iostream></a></span>
<span class="cp">#include <a href="../functional.html"><functional></a></span>
<span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Foo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Foo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Foo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
<span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 第1引数のみを先に渡す</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">namespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn"><a href="placeholders.html">std::placeholders</a></span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="function.html">std::function</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span style="color:#ff0000">std::bind</span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 残りの引数を渡して関数を呼び出す</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Foo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">};</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// thisにするもののみを先に渡す</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="function.html">std::function</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Foo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span style="color:#ff0000">std::bind</span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">Foo</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 残りの引数を渡して関数を呼び出す</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../iostream/cout.html">std::cout</a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">','</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../ostream/endl.html">std::endl</a></span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div></p>
<h3>出力</h3>
<p><pre><code>9,5
</code></pre></p>
<h2>バージョン</h2>
<h3>言語</h3>
<ul>
<li>C++11</li>
</ul>
<h3>処理系</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="../../implementation.html#clang">Clang</a>: ??</li>
<li><a href="../../implementation.html#gcc">GCC</a>: 4.7.0 <span aria-label="検証済" role="img" title="検証済">✅</span></li>
<li><a href="../../implementation.html#icc">ICC</a>: ??</li>
<li><a href="../../implementation.html#visual_cpp">Visual C++</a>: ??</li>
</ul>
<h2>参照</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/lwg-defects.html#2021" target="_blank">LWG Issue 2021. Further incorrect usages of <code>result_of</code></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2019/p1065r2.html" target="_blank">P1065R2 constexpr INVOKE</a></li>
</ul></div>
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