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<header data-kunai-mdinfo="{"meta": {"header": ["iterator"], "namespace": ["std"], "id-type": ["concept"], "cpp": ["cpp20"]}, "sources": [{"id": "8a8895fe9810a12879dab331069c49a3fed9b345", "source": "\n#include <iostream>\n#include <concepts>\n#include <iterator>\n#include <vector>\n#include <forward_list>\n#include <list>\n\ntemplate<std::bidirectional_iterator I>\nvoid f(const char* name) {\n std::cout << name << \" is bidirectional_iterator\" << std::endl;\n}\n\ntemplate<typename I>\nvoid f(const char* name) {\n std::cout << name << \" is not bidirectional_iterator\" << std::endl;\n}\n\nstruct sample_bidirectional_iterator {\n friend auto operator++(sample_bidirectional_iterator&) -> sample_bidirectional_iterator&;\n friend auto operator++(sample_bidirectional_iterator&, int) -> sample_bidirectional_iterator;\n\n friend auto operator--(sample_bidirectional_iterator&) -> sample_bidirectional_iterator&;\n friend auto operator--(sample_bidirectional_iterator&, int) -> sample_bidirectional_iterator;\n\n friend auto operator*(const sample_bidirectional_iterator&) -> int&;\n\n friend bool operator==(const sample_bidirectional_iterator&, const sample_bidirectional_iterator&);\n\n using difference_type = int;\n using value_type = int;\n using iterator_concept = std::bidirectional_iterator_tag;\n};\n\n\nint main() {\n f<int*>(\"int*\");\n f<const int*>(\"const int*\");\n f<std::list<int>::iterator>(\"std::list<int>::iterator\");\n f<std::vector<int>::iterator>(\"std::vector<int>::iterator\");\n f<sample_bidirectional_iterator>(\"sample_bidirectional_iterator\");\n\n std::cout << \"\\n\";\n f<int* const>(\"int* const\");\n f<std::forward_list<int>::iterator>(\"std::forward_list<int>::iterator\");\n f<std::istream_iterator<double>>(\"std::istream_iterator<double>\");\n f<std::ostream_iterator<double>>(\"std::ostream_iterator<double>\");\n}\n"}], "page_id": ["reference", "iterator", "bidirectional_iterator"]}">
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<div class="identifier-type">concept</div><div class="header"><iterator></div><h1 itemprop="name"><span class="namespace" title="namespace std">std::</span><span class="token">bidirectional_iterator</span><span class="cpp cpp20" title="C++20で追加">(C++20)</span></h1>
<div itemprop="articleBody"><p><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">namespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">std</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">I</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">concept</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc"><a href="">bidirectional_iterator</a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="forward_iterator.html">forward_iterator</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">I</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../concepts/derived_from.html">derived_from</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n"><a href="input_iterator.html#iter_concept">ITER_CONCEPT</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">I</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="iterator_tag.html">bidirectional_iterator_tag</a></span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">requires</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">I</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">--</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../concepts/same_as.html">same_as</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">I</span><span class="o">&></span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../concepts/same_as.html">same_as</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">I</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</p>
<h2>概要</h2>
<p><code>bidirectional_iterator</code>は、イテレータ型<code>I</code>が双方向イテレータであることを表すコンセプトである。</p>
<p><code>bidirectional_iterator</code>となるイテレータは、<a href="forward_iterator.html">前方向イテレータ</a>であり、後方にも進むことのできるイテレータである。</p>
<h2>要件</h2>
<p>ある<code>bidirectional_iterator</code>を<code>r</code>とすると、<code>r</code>は<code>++q == r</code>となるようなイテレータ<code>q</code>が存在する場合にのみデクリメント（<code>--</code>）可能である。そのようなデクリメント可能なイテレータは、<code>--r</code>と<code>r--</code>（デクリメント演算子）の<a href="../concepts.html">定義域</a>にある。</p>
<h2>モデル</h2>
<p>型<code>I</code>の等しい2つのオブジェクト（同じ要素を指すイテレータ）<code>a, b</code>について次の条件を満たす場合に限って、型<code>I</code>は<code>bidirectional_iterator</code>のモデルである。</p>
<ul>
<li><code>a, b</code>がデクリメント可能ならば、次の4つの条件を全て満たす<ul>
<li><code><a href="../memory/addressof.html">addressof</a>(--a) == <a href="../memory/addressof.html">addressof</a>(a)</code></li>
<li><code>bool(a-- == b)</code></li>
<li><code>a--, --b</code>の評価の後でも、<code>bool(a == b)</code>は<code>true</code>となる</li>
<li><code>bool(++(--a) == b)</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><code>a, b</code>がインクリメント可能ならば、<code>bool(--(++a) == b)</code></li>
</ul>
<h2>例</h2>
<p><div class="yata" id="8a8895fe9810a12879dab331069c49a3fed9b345"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="cp">#include <a href="../iostream.html"><iostream></a></span>
<span class="cp">#include <a href="../concepts.html"><concepts></a></span>
<span class="cp">#include <a href="../iterator.html"><iterator></a></span>
<span class="cp">#include <a href="../vector.html"><vector></a></span>
<span class="cp">#include <a href="../forward_list.html"><forward_list></a></span>
<span class="cp">#include <a href="../list.html"><list></a></span>
<span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n"><span style="color:#ff0000">std::bidirectional_iterator</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">I</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../iostream/cout.html">std::cout</a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">" is <a href="">bidirectional_iterator</a>"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../ostream/endl.html">std::endl</a></span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">typename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">I</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../iostream/cout.html">std::cout</a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">" is not <a href="">bidirectional_iterator</a>"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../ostream/endl.html">std::endl</a></span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">sample_bidirectional_iterator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">friend</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sample_bidirectional_iterator</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sample_bidirectional_iterator</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">friend</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sample_bidirectional_iterator</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sample_bidirectional_iterator</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">friend</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sample_bidirectional_iterator</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sample_bidirectional_iterator</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">friend</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sample_bidirectional_iterator</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sample_bidirectional_iterator</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">friend</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sample_bidirectional_iterator</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">friend</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sample_bidirectional_iterator</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sample_bidirectional_iterator</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">difference_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">iterator_concept</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">bidirectional_iterator_tag</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
<span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">*></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"int*"</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">*></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"const int*"</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n"><a href="../list/list.html">std::list</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>::</span><span class="n">iterator</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"<a href="../list/list.html">std::list</a><int>::iterator"</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n"><a href="../vector/vector.html">std::vector</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>::</span><span class="n">iterator</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"<a href="../vector/vector.html">std::vector</a><int>::iterator"</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">sample_bidirectional_iterator</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"sample_bidirectional_iterator"</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../iostream/cout.html">std::cout</a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"int* const"</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n"><a href="../forward_list/forward_list.html">std::forward_list</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>::</span><span class="n">iterator</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"<a href="../forward_list/forward_list.html">std::forward_list</a><int>::iterator"</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n"><a href="istream_iterator.html">std::istream_iterator</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"<a href="istream_iterator.html">std::istream_iterator</a><double>"</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n"><a href="ostream_iterator.html">std::ostream_iterator</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"<a href="ostream_iterator.html">std::ostream_iterator</a><double>"</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div></p>
<h3>出力</h3>
<p><pre><code>int* is <a href="">bidirectional_iterator</a>
const int* is <a href="">bidirectional_iterator</a>
<a href="../list/list.html">std::list</a><int>::iterator is <a href="">bidirectional_iterator</a>
<a href="../vector/vector.html">std::vector</a><int>::iterator is <a href="">bidirectional_iterator</a>
sample_bidirectional_iterator is <a href="">bidirectional_iterator</a>
int* const is not <a href="">bidirectional_iterator</a>
<a href="../forward_list/forward_list.html">std::forward_list</a><int>::iterator is not <a href="">bidirectional_iterator</a>
std::istream_iterator<double> is not <a href="">bidirectional_iterator</a>
<a href="ostream_iterator.html">std::ostream_iterator</a><double> is not <a href="">bidirectional_iterator</a>
</code></pre></p>
<h2>バージョン</h2>
<h3>言語</h3>
<ul>
<li>C++20</li>
</ul>
<h3>処理系</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="../../implementation.html#clang">Clang</a>: ??</li>
<li><a href="../../implementation.html#gcc">GCC</a>: 10.1 <span aria-label="検証済" role="img" title="検証済">✅</span></li>
<li><a href="../../implementation.html#visual_cpp">Visual C++</a>: 2019 Update 6 <span aria-label="検証済" role="img" title="検証済">✅</span></li>
</ul>
<h2>関連項目</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="../../lang/cpp20/concepts.html">C++20 コンセプト</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>参照</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2018/p0896r4.pdf" target="_blank">P0896R4 The One Ranges Proposal (was Merging the Ranges TS)</a></li>
</ul></div>
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