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<div class="identifier-type">function</div><div class="header"><string></div><h1 itemprop="name"><span class="namespace" title="namespace std">std::</span><span class="class" title="class basic_string">basic_string::</span><span class="token">erase</span></h1>
<div itemprop="articleBody"><p><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">basic_string</span><span class="o">&</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">erase</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pos</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">npos</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (1) C++03</span>
<span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">basic_string</span><span class="o">&</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">erase</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pos</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">npos</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (1) C++20</span>
<span class="n">iterator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">erase</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">iterator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (2) C++03</span>
<span class="n">iterator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">erase</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">const_iterator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (2) C++11</span>
<span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">iterator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">erase</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">const_iterator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (2) C++20</span>
<span class="n">iterator</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">erase</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">iterator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">iterator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">last</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (3) C++03</span>
<span class="n">iterator</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">erase</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">const_iterator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">const_iterator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">last</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (3) C++11</span>
<span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">iterator</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">erase</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">const_iterator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">const_iterator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">last</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (3) C++20</span>
</code></pre></div>
</p>
<h2>概要</h2>
<p>要素を削除する。</p>
<ul>
<li>(1) : <code>pos</code>番目から<code>n</code>要素を削除する。</li>
<li>(2) : イテレータ<code>p</code>が指す要素を削除する</li>
<li>(3) : <a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="2つのイテレータで表現される半開区間を表す。C++20からイテレータと番兵で異なる型であっても指定可能になる">イテレータ範囲</a><code>[first, last)</code>を削除する</li>
</ul>
<h2>要件</h2>
<ul>
<li>(1) : <code>pos <= <a href="size.html">size()</a></code></li>
<li>(3) : <code>first</code>と<code>last</code>が<code>*this</code>に対する有効なイテレータであり、<code>[first, last)</code>が有効な範囲であること。</li>
</ul>
<h2>効果</h2>
<ul>
<li>(1) : <code>n</code>と<code><a href="size.html">size()</a> - pos</code>のうち小さい方を<code>xlen</code>とし、<code>pos</code>番目から<code>xlen</code>個の要素を削除する。</li>
<li>(2) : イテレータ<code>p</code>が指す要素を削除する。</li>
<li>(3) : <a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="2つのイテレータで表現される半開区間を表す。C++20からイテレータと番兵で異なる型であっても指定可能になる">イテレータ範囲</a><code>[first, last)</code>の文字列を削除する。</li>
</ul>
<h2><a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="関数呼び出し式の評価結果となるオブジェクト・値">戻り値</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>(1) : <code>*this</code></li>
<li>(2) : 削除した要素の次を指すイテレータを返す。そのような要素がなければ<code><a href="end.html">end()</a></code>を返す。</li>
<li>(3) : 最後に削除した要素の次を指すイテレータを返す。そのような要素がなければ<code><a href="end.html">end()</a></code>を返す。</li>
</ul>
<h2><a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="問題が発生したときに、現在実行位置を過去に通過・記録した位置に戻し、文脈情報を添えて紐づけられた処理(例外ハンドラー)を呼び出す仕組み。またはその事態">例外</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>(1) : <code>pos > <a href="size.html">size()</a></code>の場合、<code><a href="../../stdexcept.html">out_of_range</a></code><a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="問題が発生したときに、現在実行位置を過去に通過・記録した位置に戻し、文脈情報を添えて紐づけられた処理(例外ハンドラー)を呼び出す仕組み。またはその事態">例外</a>を送出する。</li>
<li>(2) : 投げない (C++14から)</li>
<li>(3) : 投げない (C++14から)</li>
</ul>
<h2>例</h2>
<p><div class="yata" id="f90a934ac8a70253c0b682d56d084b99d621641b"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="cp">#include <a href="../../iostream.html"><iostream></a></span>
<span class="cp">#include <a href="../../string.html"><string></a></span>
<span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (1) 指定した位置からN個の要素を削除する</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../basic_string.html">std::string</a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"12345"</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1番目から2個の要素を削除</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n"><span style="color:#ff0000">erase</span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../../iostream/cout.html">std::cout</a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"(1) : "</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../../ostream/endl.html">std::endl</a></span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (2) 指定したイテレータが指す要素を削除する</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../basic_string.html">std::string</a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"12345"</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">decltype</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">iterator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">it</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="begin.html">s.begin()</a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// '3'を指す</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n"><span style="color:#ff0000">erase</span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">it</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../../iostream/cout.html">std::cout</a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"(2) : "</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../../ostream/endl.html">std::endl</a></span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (3) 指定したイテレータ範囲を削除する</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../basic_string.html">std::string</a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"12345"</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">decltype</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">iterator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">it</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="begin.html">s.begin()</a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// '3'を指す</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n"><span style="color:#ff0000">erase</span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">it</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="end.html">s.end()</a></span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../../iostream/cout.html">std::cout</a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"(3) : "</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../../ostream/endl.html">std::endl</a></span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div></p>
<h3>出力</h3>
<p><pre><code>(1) : 145
(2) : 1245
(3) : 12
</code></pre></p>
<h2>参照</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/lwg-defects.html#180" target="_blank">LWG Issue 180. Container member iterator arguments constness has unintended consequences</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/lwg-defects.html#2003" target="_blank">LWG Issue 2003. String exception inconsistency in erase.</a><ul>
<li>C++14から(2)と(3)に、「<a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="問題が発生したときに、現在実行位置を過去に通過・記録した位置に戻し、文脈情報を添えて紐づけられた処理(例外ハンドラー)を呼び出す仕組み。またはその事態">例外</a>を投げない」という保証が追加された経緯のレポート</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2019/p0980r1.pdf" target="_blank">P0980R1 Making <code>std::string</code> constexpr</a></li>
</ul></div>
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