hello.script

/**
 * Hello World Example - Your First Script Program
 * 
 * This example demonstrates the fundamental concepts of Script programming:
 * - Function definitions
 * - Variable declarations with type inference
 * - Optional type annotations
 * - Expression-oriented programming
 * - String literals and Unicode support
 */

// The main function is the entry point of every Script program
// Functions are defined with the 'fn' keyword followed by the name and parameters
fn main() {
    // The print function outputs text to the console
    // Script has built-in Unicode support, so emojis work perfectly! 📜
    print("Hello from Script! 📜")
    
    // We can also call other functions we define
    demonstrate_variables()
    demonstrate_expressions()
}

/**
 * This function demonstrates Script's variable system
 */
fn demonstrate_variables() {
    print("\n=== Variable Examples ===")
    
    // Variables with type inference - Script automatically determines the type
    let language = "Script"              // Inferred as 'string'
    let major_version = 0               // Inferred as 'i32' (32-bit integer)
    let minor_version = 1               // Inferred as 'i32'
    let is_stable = false               // Inferred as 'bool'
    
    // Variables with explicit type annotations
    // You can specify types for clarity or when inference isn't possible
    let version: f32 = 0.1              // Explicitly declared as 'f32' (32-bit float)
    let precise_version: f64 = 0.1234567890123456  // 64-bit float for higher precision
    
    // Printing variables
    print("Language: " + language)
    print("Version: " + version)
    print("Is Stable: " + is_stable)
    
    // String concatenation and conversion
    let version_string = major_version + "." + minor_version
    print("Version String: " + version_string)
}

/**
 * This function demonstrates that everything in Script is an expression
 * Expressions return values, unlike statements in many other languages
 */
fn demonstrate_expressions() {
    print("\n=== Expression Examples ===")
    
    let version: f32 = 0.1
    
    // The 'if' construct is an expression that returns a value
    // This means you can assign the result of an if expression to a variable
    let stability_status = if version >= 1.0 {
        "stable"           // This value is returned if condition is true
    } else if version >= 0.5 {
        "beta"            // This value is returned if this condition is true
    } else {
        "experimental"    // This value is returned if all conditions are false
    }
    
    print("Current status: " + stability_status)
    
    // Block expressions also return values
    let calculation_result = {
        let base = 10
        let multiplier = 5
        let addition = 3
        
        // The last expression in a block is automatically returned
        base * multiplier + addition  // Returns 53
    }
    
    print("Calculation result: " + calculation_result)
    
    // Function calls are expressions too
    let greeting = create_greeting("World")
    print(greeting)
}

/**
 * A simple function that demonstrates parameters and return values
 * This function takes a string parameter and returns a formatted greeting
 */
fn create_greeting(name: string) -> string {
    // The return keyword is optional - the last expression is automatically returned
    "Hello, " + name + "! Welcome to Script programming!"
}

/**
 * Key Concepts Demonstrated:
 * 
 * 1. FUNCTIONS: Defined with 'fn' keyword, can have parameters and return types
 * 2. TYPE INFERENCE: Script automatically determines variable types when possible
 * 3. TYPE ANNOTATIONS: You can explicitly specify types using the colon syntax
 * 4. EXPRESSIONS: Almost everything returns a value (if, blocks, function calls)
 * 5. STRING OPERATIONS: Concatenation with +, automatic type conversion
 * 6. UNICODE SUPPORT: Full support for international characters and emojis
 * 7. COMMENTS: Single-line (//) and multi-line (/* */) comments supported
 * 
 * Try This:
 * - Modify the version number and see how the stability status changes
 * - Add your own functions and call them from main()
 * - Experiment with different data types (i32, i64, f32, f64, bool, string)
 * - Try creating more complex expressions and see what values they return
 */

// Call the main function to run the program
main()